The act of differentiating distinct sounds.

A process focused on the use of sounds in which a student sounds out and blends the units of a word to form meaning. This technique is often used by emerging readers.

The degree to which a person can hear sounds in particular ways.

An approach to teaching that encourages students to accept personal responsibility for their learning, successes, and failures. For the latter instance, this method involves reminding students that they can overcome failure through diligence and perseverance.

Emotion and feeling having psychological and neurological bases.

Belonging to a type of language often used in informal contexts. This form of language is often perceived to be used commonly within groups with lower socioeconomic status.

The adjustment of oral and written language to meet the needs of or appeal to particular listeners and readers.

The system of language regarded as formal and used in commercial and public institutions. This form of language is often perceived to be generally used by groups with advanced educational backgrounds or groups within higher income brackets.

The use of language to achieve a particular goal especially about society.

Variations in the standard system of language among groups in society including groups based on different cultures or social status.