A chart that categorizes the goals of a given lesson about appropriate cognitive levels.

The process of changing one’s conduct and habits through methods based on behavioral and cognitive principles, including self-talk and self-instruction.

Rationales, principles, and tenets of learning that emphasizes mental processes and thinking.

At this stage (age 12 to 18), the big question that individuals confront is “Who am I?”

A stage in which an individual is unable to develop a clear sense of self. It is typically a step in the process of defining, understanding or realizing one’s identity.

The value that an individual places on their qualities, experiences, abilities, conduct, and sense of self.

A program based on the idea that social interaction is a developmental task closely linked to language.

Vygotsky’s theory that states the social context is important to the acquisition of domestic, vocational, and communication skills that can increase a child’s daily independence and ability to do things for him or herself.

Personality traits that play a critical role in the responses a child elicits from caregivers and that will ultimately shape their overall personality.

Cognitive structures that organize a child’s internal representations of experiences and objects.