The process of perceiving, differentiating, and responding accurately to various stimuli.

Inclusive models of teaching that facilitate effective learning and academic success of students from various ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds.

A critical goal of multicultural education and a model which seeks to develop positive relationships and foster tolerance among students coming from different backgrounds.

The incorporation of examples, data, and other aspects from a variety of cultures into teaching.

A pedagogical structure or institution which uses dual language models to teach all students in both English and another language.

A pedagogical structure or institution in which students are taught reading or other subjects in their native language for a few years before transitioning into English instruction.

A learning environment or structure in which instruction occurs primarily or entirely in English.

Beliefs about what is considered to be appropriate behavior by a specific cultural group.

When systematic variance that could be the result of racial or cultural socialization is removed from the test score. This is often referred to as fairness.

Immigrants who made the choice to emigrate from one country to another.