An achievement growth model that articulates a student’s growth compared to other students with comparable prior test scores.

A student growth model that measures achievement growth from year-to-year by subtracting the previous year (initial) score from the current year (final) score.

Are behaviors or actions that are meant to marginalize or negate the thoughts, ideas, feelings or reality of people in disenfranchised groups.

Are attitudes, behaviors or verbal messages that convey a lack of compassion, empathy or insult a persons heritage, identity or group membership.

The daily verbal, nonverbal, and ecological slights, brushoffs, or disrespectful comments; deliberate or accidental, which convey threatening, pejorative, or damaging messages to people predicated exclusively upon the fact that they belong to a disenfranchised group.

A team where each member represents a different discipline but all members work together for a more integrated process.

When women remain stuck in lower tracks within their career. Similar to a glass ceiling, the “sticky floor” keeps women in lower standing within the career field even when they might be offered exceptions from their administration. One prime example of the sticky floor is when university women refuse to

Is a specifically stated set of standards that allow subjective ideas, observations, and projects to be scored equally.

Is a major school of thought in Educational Philosophy that is the notion that the world exists “because it does.”

Is a national spirit, a love of one’s country, and the emotional ties to the interests of a nation and the symbols that represent it.