Words that frequently occur together. Examples include, “happy” and “birthday,” and “bacon” and “eggs.”

A large surface on which learners can post the words they are studying or frequently encountering in their reading and writing.

In reading, a process that follows the blending of sounds and enables readers to analyze words without resorting to sounding them out mentally.

A method of examination concerned with word parts having meaning such as variants (word endings), compounds, and derivatives (affixes).

Words that students encounter in print and recognize without hesitation and with ease.

Schemata or background knowledge.

The phonogramic parts of rhyming words that are identical; in a syllable, the vowel and any consonants which follow it.

An activity or setting which involves the oral presentation or dramatization of a text.

The ideas and their associated words that a person derives from his or her memory when introduced to a topic.

A process before the reading period, in which students identify words that may appear in the text, to cultivate their ability to use expectancy cues.