A stage of moralistic thinking in which the individual focuses on moral principals that are universal rather than on the established authority of a community. Based on the theory developed by Kohlberg.

A stage of moralistic thinking in which the individual focuses on acting in line with social conventions, expectations, rules, laws, and stereotypes. Based on the theory developed by Kohlberg.

A stage of moralistic thinking in which the individual focuses on the physical consequences of their actions regardless of right and wrong. Based on a theory developed by Kohlberg.

A student’s pursuit of multiple goals that may induce stress or exhaustion to preserve self-concept. A defense mechanism.

A student’s refusal to attempt a goal that he or she may not succeed at to preserve self-concept. A defense mechanism.

The struggle a student faces between trying to achieve balance and a need for validation through exhibiting success.

A student who judges himself or herself to have little worth, possibly because of a disorder.

A student who is aware of his or her strengths and weaknesses and has a positive image of himself or herself.

An explanation of self-concept that posits an individual develops their self-concept based on the assessments others make of them.

Ones sense of their competence based on past successes and failures.