Models that can be used to identify gifted children from minority or disadvantaged communities. These models combine information from multiple sources.

A nonverbal intelligence test.

A nonverbal intelligence test created by Naglieri.

A nonverbal intelligence test created by Bracken and MacCallum in 1998.

Another term for Perceptual IQ tests. Intelligence tests that measure perceptual skills (such as spatial skills) rather than verbal skills.

Intelligence tests that measure perceptual skills (such as spatial skills) rather than verbal skills.

The perception that intelligence tests are biased against minority students and are therefore discriminatory.

Regular and continued hard work towards achieving a goal. Considered possibly more important in achieving positive outcomes than intelligence.

Another name for “Acting White.”

The attitude that some symbols, events, actions or expressions are inappropriate for use by members of minority communities because they are typical of white Americans and viewed as emblematic of oppressors.