A stage where a person must define who they truly are. This period typically occurs during adolescence when a child is quickly changing emotionally and physically. They must form a permanent identity that includes who they are, what they are, and where they intend to go in the future.

When women remain stuck in lower tracks within their career. Similar to a glass ceiling, the “sticky floor” keeps women in lower standing within the career field even when they might be offered exceptions from their administration. One prime example of the sticky floor is when university women refuse to

Persons that children can seek out whenever their safety or survival needs are threatened. These persons most often are used by gifted children who may feel intellectually, socially, or developmentally threatened. Ideally, a shelter should be an empathic counselor who is aware of the local conditions related to economic status

The emphasis on pride in an ethnic identity as integral to educational and career achievements.

The opinion that an important component of success in the United States is conformity with the laws, language, and culture of the Caucasian majority.

A system in which acceptance to a program is made to a fixed percentage of applicants from each cultural group in the populated based on their representation in the school or district and without regard to comparative test scores or grades.

Assessments in which a student is tested, instructed in test-taking skills by a teacher, then retested to assess the change in test score. This method of assessment is thought to identify gifted students from disadvantaged backgrounds through their above-average improvement in score. Developed in Israel to assess immigrant students with

Categories such as intelligence, academic talents, drive and creativity which are included in Matrix identification models.

A matrix identification model that was created to analyze test and nontest criteria. Fraiser created this model based on four assumptions.

A matrix identification model that has increased the identification of African-American students for gifted programs. It considers both objective and subjective criteria. This model was created by Baldwin.