The system through which meaning is expressed; a form of communication which can be oral, written, visual, or another mode of expression.

A reader who readA reader who reads with ease, accuracy, and comprehension at above-average levels.s with ease, accuracy, and comprehension at above-average levels.

A reading method that focuses on information acquisition.

A reader who has recently started to work with word recognition and comprehension strategies.

The treatment by experts in various disciplines of students’ reading, writing, and critical thinking abilities specific to the different disciplines.

Knowledge of how to actively participate and effect change in the local community and society.

A pedagogical method that emphasizes the subskills associated with reading and writing as well as the testing for proficiency in those subskills.

Research-based recommendations that provide informational resources for improving literacy instruction.

A pedagogical method that emphasizes different aspects of literacy instruction at different stages appropriate to students’ needs.

Individuals who possess reading skills but choose not to read due to insufficient levels of positivity, habits, and interests.