Words that appear in nearly every sentence within a paragraph.

A reading technique that combines elements from the ReQuest and QAR strategies to help middle- and upper-grade students recognize words, anticipate the nature of teachers’ questions, focus on informative parts of a text, and answer questions effectively.

A reading technique which aims to help students determine the difference between questions with answers that can be found directly in the text (“right there”), questions with answers that can be found in the text but require synthesizing information (“putting it together”), and questions that require the reader to use

The collection and integration of information sources that the reader uses to derive and make meaning in the act of reading.

A structure of individual sounds in language which understands how these sounds combine to make words as well as the effects of stress, pitch, and juncture on language.

A method that promotes independent reading by gradually transferring teacher-posed questions to student-posed ones.

The action which mentally processes and turns oral language into meaning.

A teaching strategy, developed by Russell G. Stauffer, which aims to improve reading comprehension through a repeated prediction-making process.

The clear visual image that certain words evoke. Examples of such words include a dog, table, and blue.

An active reading technique in which teachers guide students in reading a text, in whole or in part, numerous times and supporting them during each reading.