A previously neutral condition within the environment that induces a specific reaction in the senses after pairing up with an unconditioned stimulus.

Conditions in the environment that do not induce a particular reaction in the senses.

A condition within the environment that naturally induces a specific response in the senses.

Conditions in the environment that cause the senses to react or function.

The acquisition of knowledge through various means and experiences, which usually results in a change in the learner.

Rationales, principles, and tenets of learning that emphasizes mental processes and thinking.

Rationales, principles, and tenets of learning that emphasizes perceptible changes in conduct.

A general aptitude for learning which is frequently measured by an individual’s ability to engage meaningfully with abstract concepts and to solve problems.

Socially accepted conduct that is associated with one gender as opposed to another.

Inclusive models of teaching that facilitate effective learning and academic success of students from various ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds.