As assessment measuring abilities that are widely viewed as signs of intelligence, or an individual’s potential regardless of previous learning.

A strategy for changing the normal program for a young child who presents troubling behavior. This plan is made based on an assessment of the child and monitored over time.

A substitute behavior a child is taught to use to replace a challenging behavior.

A method that links detailed observation of one student to individualized curriculum intervention.

A model in which the teacher grades a student based on the targets set by a multidisciplinary team. The five-step process provides a child with a disability, with a developmental delay, or for whom English is a second language with fair and meaningful grades.

Grading in which student performance on national or state standards is compared to others’ and reported. This approach differs from the traditional approach in which letter grades or percentages based on averages are given.

Teachers and parents meet to voice concerns about a student’s learning progress and whether to refer the child for additional evaluation.

The average or usual developmental pattern across children.

Questions from various parties concerned about a child’s learning and developmental progress or problems.

A detailed assessment conducted by a specialist related to a specific developmental or learning issue.