Converts the results on an assessment to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1 for ease of interpretation of results.

A derived score statistically created as a measure of a total score on a standardized test or a subtest of the test.

A derived score statistically created to convert a child’s raw score to a measure that can be used to assess the child’s mastery of a specific topic or skill.

A derived score which shows the percent of students in the standardized test’s normative group which would have fallen at or below a particular raw score.

A derived score based on adjusting a student’s raw score on a standardized test by a factor that reflects normal performance for a particular grade.

A derived score based on adjusting a student’s raw score on a standardized test by a factor that reflects normal performance for a particular age.

A standardized test score obtained by analyzing one student’s raw score about the results of students’ of known characteristics on the test.

The comparison of a student’s results on a standardized test to his or her prior assessments on a certain topic or behavior to measure progress.

The distribution of scores on a standardized assessment based on testing a normative sample.

The hypothetical test result on an error-free assessment. Every standardized test has some degree of measurement error, so a true score can never be attained.