Written records about a class’s progress toward a learning standard or other educational goal made by the teacher.

Short, written documentation of important incidents and events in a student’s day.

Daily notes, anecdotes, and detailed running records documenting observations made of a student.

The process of acquiring and analyzing data, then using it to make decisions. For example, expanding the use of a piloted learning tool to an entire grade level, school or school district only if it can be shown by pre- and post-assessments to improve student mastery.

A measure of the reliability and validity of an assessment tool.

The degree to which an assessment accurately measures the skill, knowledge or characteristic it was designed to measure.

The degree to which the results of a standardized test are consistent and replicable.

A set of standard scores on a group test with nine bands of results. Results falling into bands 4, 5, and 6 represent average performance.

Converts the results on an assessment to a normal curve with a mean of (usually) 50 and a standard deviation of (usually) 21.06 for ease of interpretation of results. A scale with 100 equal parts.

Converts the results on an assessment to a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 for ease of interpretation of results.