Was instrumental in speeding up school desegregation. Schools could lose federal funding if they ignored the civil rights act and continued to promote segregation. The act was highly effective in reducing the number of segregated schools in the nation. To support compliance with federal desegregation goals, criteria were developed to

Based on the idea that students who are raised in different cultural settings may approach education and learn in different ways, the cultural difference theory stresses that it is important for teachers to be aware of the difference between the school atmosphere and the home environment. People from different cultural

The truth is this: teachers often expect less from students of certain racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds. When teachers expect students to perform poorly, they approach teaching in ways that align with their low levels of expectations. Interestingly, students tend to perform at the low levels expected of them by

According to this theory, some students do poorly in school because the linguistic, social, and cultural nature of the home environment does not prepare them for the work they will be required to do in school. As an example, some students are not read to at home as frequently as

Helps students from a minority ethnic/racial background develop a sense of identity as individuals, as well as to identify proudly with their particular culture group. Schools with a culturally responsive curriculum strive to develop a balanced understanding of history, because this perspective reflects both the positive and negative experiences of

Refers to underdeveloped skill in one or more areas, usually related to neurological disorders, and applies to students whose intelligence level is average or above. Students who are intellectually or developmentally disabled (IDD) have below-average intelligence, which affects their ability to learn. Students with learning disabilities can learn but consistently

Are students who perform to a high degree in certain areas, including academics, leadership, writing, creative endeavors, etc. Gifted students also must demonstrate the need for special programs and services that will help them pursue their interest in their area or areas of giftedness. When selecting students to receive special

Refers to the various methods by which students can learn information presented to them, and which style suits them best.

Combine direct and indirect teaching methods. The teacher begins with an instructive session and gradually engages the students to take the lead.

Refer to instances where students take the primary responsibility, and the teacher acts as a facilitator. The students are responsible for the direction and pace of their learning, as well as the content to variable degrees.