A stage of development characterized by a child’s attempt to repeat an action that was done reflexively or by accident. They are considered primary because they involve the child’s own body and circular due to the fact that they are repeated.

Piaget’s name for a child’s first attempts at forming an idea or notion. These preconcepts often signify that the child’s concept of the world is ruled by their perceptions.

What a child can do with help or guidance until they actually develop those skills through internalization.

The ability to apply sensory information (sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell) to past experiences.

A way to commit objects and events to memory. In order to organize information, you must group stimuli into meaningful clusters which aid in the process of recollection. The specific strategies used to organize information will vary at different ages.

The understanding that objects still exist even when they are not visually available. Object permanence typically develops around twelve months of age in neurotypical children.

The relationship between the self, others, and an object. During infancy, the child will only perceive the object in terms of what they can do to it. As they age, objects begin to have greater importance in relation to other objects. Eventually, objects become a tool to measure spatial relationships

The observation of a child in a number of settings that are relatively familiar instead of in an unfamiliar or contrived setting. This might be done to observe how the child learns from experience, solves problems, and the level of activities that the child participates in on a regular basis.

When a child talks constantly while playing or working. They seem to be practicing the relationship between action, language, and thought.

The area of the brain that has a large capacity to store memories. Long-term memory varies significantly by age with increased capacity over time. This increased capacity to retain new information is thought to be the result of the abundance of material that is already stored and can be easily