A transformational process first described by Abilock where the learner needs to find, understand, evaluate, and use information in various forms for their own personal gain. This can include personal, social, or global purposes.

The literacy skills required to navigate society successfully.

The use of literacy in specific areas such as math literacy or science literacy.

A student-created text that represents a new viewpoint compared to standard texts. This can include oral, written, visual, or imagined representations.

Readers who are willing to attempt more challenging material. They have intrinsic reasons for reading such as a desire to gain new knowledge or enjoyment. Motivated readers also tend to enjoy the social aspect of discussing the things they learned from their readings.

Learners who believe they can find success in the classroom.

A principle of the constructivist classroom where the two integral parts of the academic work are an openness to new information and different points of view.

A principle of the constructivist classroom where teaching is based on proactive planning.

The twenty-first-century students who are a part of the most educated and diverse groups in history.

A principle of a constructivist classroom where teachers intentionally demonstrate the knowledge and skills that students will need to become more effective readers.