A type of context clue that allows the reader to use reason and the result relation to predict a word’s meaning.

A reading comprehension strategy used to note similarities and differences on a given topic. It is viewed as two interlocking circles where the differences appear in the outer portions of the circles and similarities are noted in the shared space between them. It is named for its creator, John Venn.

A reading comprehension strategy that involves sketching to create and share personal understandings of the text after reading.

A reading comprehension strategy that requires students to pull essential information from a given text.

A professional who works at any level (early childhood, elementary, middle, secondary, or adult) to help students with reading difficulties and serve as a literacy or reading coach. They might also act as a supervisor or coordinator for reading and literacy.

A reading comprehension strategy that provides a guide to start researching, structuring a writing project, and summarizing information.

A reading comprehension tool used after reading to give a format for students to work in pairs to express their understanding of the text, summarize the narrative, or explain the informational text.

A reading comprehension strategy similar to a Bio-Pyramid to help summarize or retell texts such as short stories or novels.

A reading comprehension strategy used after reading an informational text that is designed to help readers explore two separate viewpoints. These can include Narrative and Alternative Narratives, Photographs and Alternative Photographs, and Videos and Alternative Videos.

The type of questioning that gives students a format to express ideas created by Ciardiello in 1998. It can also be used to defend, judge, or justify our way of thinking.