An informal writing tool which allows students to summarize, respond to, or further explore their ideas about what they have read.

A medium through which students record ideas about topics they want to investigate or about their ongoing research and that promotes inquiry, reflection, and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to begin their journal entries with “I wonder,” which can serve as the basis for peer discussions or conversations in

A type of formal writing used for engaging in inquiry-based learning, creative thinking, and research in content areas.

A small-group, inquiry-based research project in which students with similar interests in specific topics work together.

A type of writing in the drafting stage which occurs naturally in classroom activities that involve writing short responses to an open-ended question or writing journal entries.

A type of writing commonly associated with long-term projects, such as research papers or inquiry-based projects, which are usually evaluated through scoring guides also referred to as rubrics.

An inquiry-based project in which individual students conduct research on a course-related topic of their choosing and present their findings in the format of their choice.

A teaching tool in which students write, as if they were present at a specific event, through in-depth research that, as much as possible, places the writer in that moment.

A step in the writing process focused on checking grammar and formatting.

A step in the writing process in which students externalize their ideas in writing. Informal writing such as journal entries, open-ended responses, and reading strategy applications generally stop at this stage, while formal writing such as research papers continue beyond this step to all stages of the writing process.