Analysis of a problem through meaning discovered in the context of other relevant information. It is a necessary cognitive skill in the development of children’s semantic aptitude.

A phase in which children develop logical reasoning skills and the ability to comprehend conversations but are only able to apply these skills effectively in contexts and situations familiar to them.

The ability to carry out a mental function and then undo one’s thinking back to the point of departure.

The propensity to focus on a partial or single dimension of an object or event.

The phenomenon in which certain properties of an object (such as weight) remain unchanged despite changes in other properties (such as length).

A developmental phase in which children learn to represent things in the mind.

The notion that an object exists despite it being out of sight.

Instinctive, innate, and automatic responses to stimuli. An example includes, eye blinking in response to bright light.

The process of achieving a balance between present understanding and new experiences. According to Piaget, this process is necessary for learning.

Principles of general application that have been meticulously tested and found to apply in a wide variety of situations.