A performance that has not been planned or structured in advance by a teacher and is conducted by a student.

An unplanned interview conducted by a teacher based on an organic, unrehearsed performance by a student.

A performance structured in advance by the teacher but executed by a student.

An interview where a teacher pre-prepares questions to ask a student.

An activity-based approach to demonstrating student achievement.

Student opinions, surveys, focus groups or other methods used to measure student knowledge on a topic.

Alternative learning resources or strategies used after a formative assessment if learning mastery has not been achieved.

In contrast to a rubric, a scale provides a series of numbers for an evaluator to use in assessing student performance.

A rubric that uses descriptors to assess levels of competency. The rubric summarizes student performance in a single score.

A rating scale designed along a continuum with descriptors that identify points from low to high along the continuum for different aspects of the evaluation. The descriptors aid the assessor in making their evaluation.