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Higher Education
Home›Higher Education›My College Is Being Blackmailed

My College Is Being Blackmailed

By Matthew Lynch
December 3, 2016
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**The Edvocate is pleased to publish guest posts as way to fuel important conversations surrounding P-20 education in America. The opinions contained within guest posts are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of The Edvocate or Dr. Matthew Lynch.**

A guest column by Professor Bryan W. Van Norden

My college is being blackmailed.

The story of the blackmail goes back to Margaret Spellings, Secretary of Education under Bush the Younger. Spellings (who has no classroom teaching experience, and no degree that would even qualify her to teach at the college or university level) has three claims to fame. First, Spellings is the only sitting member of a Presidential Cabinet to be on Celebrity Jeopardy. She came in a distant second to actor Michael McKean (best known as “Lenny” on the sitcom Laverne and Shirley). Second, she is responsible for the No Child Left Behind program. Nicknamed “No Child Left Awake,” this initiative forces educators to teach students how to pass standardized tests, rather than helping students to actually learn. Apparently concerned that she had not done enough damage to US education, Spellings also convened a Commission on the Future of Higher Education. One of the recommendations of the Commission was that colleges and universities institute a “robust culture of accountability” emphasizing “learning outcomes.”

So what is wrong with that? The basic format for teaching humanities goes back at least as far as the Roman Empire in the West and the contemporaneous Han dynasty in China. Students read challenging works. Students discuss those works. Students write about those works. The instructors lecture, guide the discussions, and give feedback on the writing. Thomas Aquinas was doing this in 13th-century Europe and Zhu Xi was doing this in 12th-century China. This basic framework has been unchanged for over two millennia for a simple reason: it is the only one that has ever worked.

However, the preceding is not good enough for advocates of “learning outcomes” and the related shibboleth “outcomes assessment.” They want outcomes that can be “measured” and “tested.” They are quick to explain that assessment need not be quantitative in the humanities. But we already have a qualitative vision of what outcome we want (that is what the major and general education requirements are about) and we already have qualitative measures for assessing outcomes (these are known by the arcane technical terms “comments on your essay,” “grades,” and “letters of recommendation”).

Since I am fortunate to be at a private liberal arts college with a long history of being a leader in higher education, why should I care about what some failed Celebrity Jeopardy contestant said about outcomes assessment? Here is where the blackmail is occurring. Every college and university that hopes to maintain its prestige and be eligible for certain kinds of funding must be “accredited.” Accreditation is done through NGOs that wield immense amounts of power, despite not being answerable to anyone. The NGO responsible for accrediting our school has been taken over by devout apostles of outcomes assessment, and they insist that we must institute a “culture of assessment” – or else.

Here is my assessment of the outcome (pardon the expression) of this situation: either our school’s educational practices will be perverted, or we will institute a purely formal version of outcomes assessment, lacking in any actual content. I am hoping for the latter. In a meeting with a representative of our accrediting body, I asked whether the philosophy department could develop a checklist based on our stated goals, and have instructors certify that essays written by senior majors met these goals. (“Good grammar? Check. Independent thought? Check. Take the best that has been thought and said and transmute it into wisdom in the smithy of your soul? Check.”) Incredibly, she said that sounded fine. It is not the worst result if we can find some bureaucratic trick that allows us to continue to teach in what is transparently the best way. (Apparently some other schools are also trying the “just write something to get them off our backs” approach. The following is from an actual outcomes statement at another college that we were given as a paradigm: “The goal of the political science department is to transmit the knowledge of the discipline by providing courses and instruction that are characterized by excellence.”) However, whatever approach we employ, we incur what economists refer to as a significant “opportunity cost.” In their incisive essay, “Is Outcomes Assessment Hurting Higher Education?” James Pontuso and Saranna Thornton note that “Ongoing assessment diverts teachers from teaching. Instead of preparing their courses, meeting with students, or grading papers – in short, executing their teaching duties – instructors must spend a substantial amount of time worrying about how to assess what they teach.”

I am not suggesting that higher education is perfectly fine just the way it is, either at my school or at other institutions. For example, I chaired a committee that recommended that my college work for greater clarity and consistency in its quantitative, writing, and foreign language requirements. But this will not result in “measurable” or “testable” outcomes. I say all of the preceding as a dedicated teacher. I can show you letters from students telling me that my classes changed their lives, three textbooks that I wrote specifically to meet the needs of my students, mountains of essays with my carefully written comments, and sheaves of handouts I painstakingly prepared to address confusions my students had. That is what teaching is about, not about pseudo-rational “outcomes.” As Pontuso and Thornton wrote: “Many people’s lives have been affected by good teachers, but no one’s soul has ever been touched by a committee of test writers.”

____________________

Bryan W. Van Norden is a professor at Vassar College.  He is the author, most recently, of Introduction to Classical Chinese Philosophy.  The views expressed in this editorial are his own, and do not represent those of his department, the Vassar administration, or other faculty


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2 comments

  1. Judy Fishel 27 August, 2015 at 10:37 Reply

    The idea that that our colleges and universities are being threated by “No Child Left Behind” and similar efforts is nauseating. It would be a giant step backwards in the field of education.

    This problem began when our preschoolers who were all eager to learn started first grade and began to receive grades. Our grading system makes the assumption that students should all be learning the same material, in the same way, and at the same rate. Students who may be working hard and learning a great deal – but not learning the material on the test, get lower grades.

    Teachers and parents urge children to work harder – meaning that they should conform and learn the same material as other students, in the same way, and at the same rate. When they cannot keep up, their self-esteem drops. They begin to dislike school and stop trying so hard.

    Studying for standardized tests makes this problem far worse. Students soon forget the information they weren’t interested in and they spend less time learning.

    Somehow, teachers at all levels must work together to find ways to help our children learn at their own levels, and in their own ways. They need to help students understand that we are not all alike, that what they want to learn is important, and that learning is more important than grades.

  2. Links 8/29/15 | Mike the Mad Biologist 29 August, 2015 at 15:45 Reply

    […] too focused on standardized tests, poll says Against Park and Rides The New Face of Jewish Terror My College Is Being Blackmailed Virginia’s Public Schools Need More Money For Teachers, Say Education Advocates Donald Trump […]

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