An organizational technique in which students group words in ways that fit the particular criteria given by the teacher.

Words that frequently occur together. Examples include, “happy” and “birthday,” and “bacon” and “eggs.”

A large surface on which learners can post the words they are studying or frequently encountering in their reading and writing.

Words that students encounter in print and recognize without hesitation and with ease.

A process before the reading period, in which students identify words that may appear in the text, to cultivate their ability to use expectancy cues.

Text that helps emergent readers anticipate what the authors will say through rhythmical or repetitive patterns.

Words that do not conform to the usual conventions of pronunciation.

A set of words, whether in written or verbal forms, of which a person has comprehension.

A word, usually known to the learner that is used to signify a specific phonic unit.

A tool for vocabulary development in which students record new words taken from stories, LEAs, or journals, under the appropriate letter and then write a sentence using the word as well as draw a picture to reinforce the word’s meaning.