A structure of individual sounds in language which understands how these sounds combine to make words as well as the effects of stress, pitch, and juncture on language.

An active reading technique in which teachers guide students in reading a text, in whole or in part, numerous times and supporting them during each reading.

The ability to understand oral language, ranging from understanding the literal meaning to engaging in a critical evaluation of the message.

A technique that focuses on learning specific vocabulary words before, during, and after young children read a collection of storybooks that contain those same words.

A word grouping technique that allows the organizer to determine and engage with a range of different classifications.

Words that are identical in spelling and sound alike but have different meanings.

Words that are identical in spelling, but have different meanings and may be pronounced differently.

A type of homograph that are identical in spelling, but have different meanings and are pronounced differently.

A specific situation or environment created to provide sufficient information for a learner to ascertain the meaning of a particular word.

A study tool for the examination of relationships between certain words.