At this stage (18 months to age three), because children have the dual desire to hold on and to let go, overly restrictive parenting can make children feel powerless and doubt their abilities.

In child development, these terms refer to the notion that the goal of infancy (from birth to 18 months) is to develop a basic trust or sense of trust of the world.

The tendency toward introspection and to analyze oneself and one’s thoughts.

A method of self-evaluation in which an individual gathers information for self-assessment by comparing their abilities, attitudes, and conduct to that of others.

Instruction that equips students with foundational skills and background knowledge to prepare them for subsequent formal teaching.

The act of engaging in recreational activities in similar ways to parallel play, but with more interaction between the participants including sharing, taking turns, and having a general interest in the activities of the others.

The act of engaging in recreational activities with others but with little interaction amongst the participants.

The act of engaging in recreational activities by oneself and unaccompanied by others.

The fifth and sixth stages in Kohlberg’s model of moral reasoning in which individuals weigh value-laden factors and make moral judgments about abstract principles.

The third and fourth stages in Kohlberg’s model of moral reasoning in which individuals weigh value-laden factors and make moral judgments in view of the interests of others.