A technique in which a reader uses information from his or her prior knowledge or a personal association with the text’s content.

A set of rules which allows for a message to be interpreted based on the social positioning of the author and audience as well as within its social context.

Knowledge of how to actively participate and effect change in the local community and society.

A pedagogical method that emphasizes the subskills associated with reading and writing as well as the testing for proficiency in those subskills.

Research-based recommendations that provide informational resources for improving literacy instruction.

A pedagogical method that emphasizes different aspects of literacy instruction at different stages appropriate to students’ needs.

Individuals who possess reading skills but choose not to read due to insufficient levels of positivity, habits, and interests.

Initial assessments of students’ knowledge about a topic or concept. A basic standard for the goal of each course is gathered within the first few weeks of the course.

Examples of student performances at various levels, each evaluated using a uniform rubric. They present evaluation possibilities and a standard to assist teachers in the fair assessment of student work.

A teaching idea in which students combine knowledge and creativity to represent their thoughts and content area research through non-traditional formats such as Electronic Alphabet Books and Student-Authored Electronic Informational Books.