A reading technique which aims to help students determine the difference between questions with answers that can be found directly in the text (“right there”), questions with answers that can be found in the text but require synthesizing information (“putting it together”), and questions that require the reader to use

A structure of individual sounds in language which understands how these sounds combine to make words as well as the effects of stress, pitch, and juncture on language.

A method that promotes independent reading by gradually transferring teacher-posed questions to student-posed ones.

The action which mentally processes and turns oral language into meaning.

An active reading technique in which teachers guide students in reading a text, in whole or in part, numerous times and supporting them during each reading.

The ability to understand oral language, ranging from understanding the literal meaning to engaging in a critical evaluation of the message.

A technique that focuses on learning specific vocabulary words before, during, and after young children read a collection of storybooks that contain those same words.

A learning strategy for the introduction of new vocabulary and overall organization of a selection by representing key terms visually. The following steps are usually involved: listing the key terms; arranging the terms to highlight relationships between ideas; adding words familiar to the student in order to develop the identified

The opposite ends of a spectrum used to differentiate various shades of meaning.

A word grouping technique that allows the organizer to determine and engage with a range of different classifications.