Replies to questions that the whole class makes in unison.

Throughout a lesson, the order in which teachers ask particular students to respond to questions.

Techniques which help teachers to ascertain whether or not students understand a lesson. Questioning is an example of such techniques.

A teaching strategy in which a teacher provides an example of how to solve a problem and model the students’ thought processes.

A high degree of organization, directness, simplicity, and effective use of language involved in a teaching session or presentation of concepts.

The process of connecting new material to information or ideas previously acquired thereby expanding the level of understanding about any of the information.

Images, concepts, or narratives that provide comparisons and similarities between new information and familiar knowledge to enhance comprehension.

The representation of key ideas and their connections through a diagram or visual organizer.

A theory claiming that information is stored in long-term memory in schemata (networks of associated facts and ideas) which provides a structure for the comprehension and interpretation of new information.

Learned information that has the potential to be applied in a wide variety of situations, but whose application is limited and often artificial.