Images, concepts, or narratives that provide comparisons and similarities between new information and familiar knowledge to enhance comprehension.

Techniques and abilities essential for learning, studying, or problem-solving.

Learned information that has the potential to be applied in a wide variety of situations, but whose application is limited and often artificial.

A method of learning in which newly acquired information is connected to and relates to previously learned knowledge.

A method of memorization that is based on the repetition of facts or associations, and may be arbitrary in essence.

A memory improvement technique which uses images to connect items into pairs.

Devices, such as a pattern, ideas, or relationships, which are used for memory assistance or improvement.

The visual representation of images often used as a tool for memory improvement.

A component of long-term memory responsible for storing practical information and know-hows.

The first and second stages in Kohlberg’s model of moral reasoning in which individuals weigh value-laden factors and make moral judgments based on their interests.