No single definition applies to all alternative schools or programs. Although these programs are built around a solid set of principles, the field of alternative education is still evolving. Alternative schools are usually small, highly individualized schools that operate apart from traditional schools, although they are usually a part of a school district. They share distinguishable characteristics such as small classes, close student–teacher relationships, diverse curriculum, peer guidance, and strong parental involvement.
Typically, alternative schools are established in communities where social problems such as violence, drugs, and use of weapons threaten children’s ability to receive an adequate education. Alternative schools are designed to educate at-risk students, who are likely to fail or drop out because of obstructive environmental circumstances. At-risk students are characterized by low grades, high absenteeism, disruptive behavior, suspension, pregnancy, or similar factors associated with early withdrawal from school. Alternative schools seek to reduce the impact of negative community influences that lead to problems that interfere with children’s access to an education.