A step in the writing process in which students modify the content based on feedback provided by peers, teachers, or their own opinions.

Within the multiple stages in the writing process, students do not simply move from one step to the next; rather, they revisit each step to complete their writing.

An informal writing technique which can help ascertain students’ prior knowledge of specific topics, monitor comprehension, or summarize newly acquired knowledge. Students write what they know about a specific topic, which can then be used to determine a starting point for teaching, to evaluate student learning, and to plan future

A step in the writing process, before submission to the teacher for evaluation, in which students review their written work, proofread, and make final edits.

A type of formal writing which emphasizes and reveals students’ positions on particular issues.

An inquiry-based writing activity that uses the letter format to communicate, inform, and persuade.

An informal writing tool which allows students to summarize, respond to, or further explore their ideas about what they have read.

A medium through which students record ideas about topics they want to investigate or about their ongoing research and that promotes inquiry, reflection, and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to begin their journal entries with “I wonder,” which can serve as the basis for peer discussions or conversations in

A type of formal writing used for engaging in inquiry-based learning, creative thinking, and research in content areas.

A type of writing in the drafting stage which occurs naturally in classroom activities that involve writing short responses to an open-ended question or writing journal entries.