A derived score based on adjusting a student’s raw score on a standardized test by a factor that reflects normal performance for a particular age.

A standardized test score obtained by analyzing one student’s raw score about the results of students’ of known characteristics on the test.

The comparison of a student’s results on a standardized test to his or her prior assessments on a certain topic or behavior to measure progress.

The distribution of scores on a standardized assessment based on testing a normative sample.

The hypothetical test result on an error-free assessment. Every standardized test has some degree of measurement error, so a true score can never be attained.

As assessment measuring abilities that are widely viewed as signs of intelligence, or an individual’s potential regardless of previous learning.

Refers to the granting of a teaching license, which permits a state to instruct and supervise school-age students.

Describes the process through which a teacher’s competency, professional preparation, and similar factors are assessed. These factors assist in determining if the candidate has the potential to become an effective educator. If an individual completes the process, he or she is granted licensure.

Is the most frequently administered IQ assessment for students 6–16 years of age, developed by David Wechsler in the late 1940s. Scale ranges from 10–140. Measures a variety of skills and aptitudes, and is most frequently used as a predictive indicator of academic success.

Refers to whether or not a test has content validity, i.e., if it measures the knowledge it was designed to measure.