Usually refers to the categorization of humans into populations or ancestral groups by various sets of heritable characteristics.

Is an academic term denoting the ethnocentric belief that the established inhabitants of a nation should have favored status over immigrants or other newcomers.

Is a term denoting the loss of “home culture” that occurs when immigrants achieve complete assimilation. This will generally happen across a generational gap, causing difficulties for both the deculturized children and their culturally intact extended family members.

Is the term given to the practice of respectfully accepting, acknowledging, and incorporating the students’ diverse cultural knowledge, background experiences, and values into the curriculum and all aspects of learning.

Refers to a process of gradual, but imposed, adjustment to and absorption of the values, attitudes, and customs of a new culture until conformity is established. This new culture is often the dominant culture in the area or country.

Is an approach adopted on a nationwide level to create uniformity around what students are expected to gain from their school career? This is intended to ensure that all students participating in the educational system are offered the same education, regardless of their choice of school.

Refers to a practice based on research showing that studentsller classes do better, particularly in higher grades. Using the same resources and staff, student groups are subdivided to allow them to receive focused or specialized training, according to their needs.

Is a theory proposing that schools with effective leadership, ongoing monitoring, safe environments, clear vision, and high expectations of students and teachers have a higher likelihood of being more effective.

Refers to policies and practices that are impartial, seeking not to favor certain groups over others. Regarding educational funding, equity relates to an equitable and balanced distribution of funds to both poor and wealthy districts.

Refers to the changes that continually take place to address the changing needs of the national society and workforce at school level. These changes to the educational system are intended to improve the educational experiences and outcomes of students in the United States.