A theory which breaks intelligence into three areas – analytic, synthetic and practical. This theory was developed by Robert Sternberg.

The theory that gifts are natural abilities and distinct from talents, which are concrete skills. Gifts may be developed into skills depending on the individual’s environment, personal traits, and random chance. This theory was developed by Gangé.

A concept of gifted intelligence that visualizes giftedness with three rings: creativity, goal focus and above-average ability. The concept was developed by Joseph Renzulli.

A teaching strategy that groups student in a class for small-group instruction, usually based on reading or mathematics capabilities.

Also called the Joplin Plan. A strategy for grouping students in class with students one grade higher for part of their school day.

A teaching strategy that groups students into low-, middle-, and high-level classes at each grade level based on their abilities. Also known as XYZ grouping or tracking.

A teaching strategy that groups students of the same or similar ability level together.

A teaching strategy which groups students of different ability levels.

Developed by Robert Sternberg. The theory that posits a broader context for intelligence, including sociocultural context, an individual’s ability to react to changes in their environment, and the recognition of strengths and weaknesses.

A process for measuring intelligence by calculating the time required to process information. This process was developed by Arthur Jensen.