An examination of a reader’s deviations from the text, which informs the teacher of whether a reader is reading for meaning and of how the reader uses graphophonic, semantic, and syntactic signs.
The standard of reading ability at which students are challenged but not frustrated to allow them to read successfully in the ordinary teaching and classroom environment.
A structure for literacy development in which the reader uses clues from sounds and symbols to recognize words and predict meaning.
The threshold for reading output beyond which students are unable to continue reading due to the difficulty of the material despite having had instruction and guidance.
Evaluation tools often found in the teacher manuals or student workbooks of many basal reading systems, which may provide information about student achievements on sections of course material.
A reading assessment that uses a uniform testing standard for each grade level.
The level of visual awareness, including the ability to discriminate visual representations, having constancy in spatial orientation, and visual memory.
The ability to bounce back and recover from failure or adversity.
The degree to which a person can hear sounds in particular ways.