A teaching idea proposed by Raphael that assists students with self-questioning. There are two basic information sources: prior knowledge and the text they are reading. Within each of the information sources, students will find question-answer relationships that help them to develop their self-questioning abilities and focus on the information sources

A teaching idea where students take turns making questions and responding to those questions about a text.

A teaching idea that engages a student’s prior knowledge about a topic by setting up the purpose for reading and confirming the original understanding of the topic. This is also a great time to revise or expand the original understanding. A traditional KWL chart requires readers to ask what they

A teaching idea that encourages readers to tap into their prior knowledge, create visualizations, solve problems, and use their imaginations. This technique can be utilized with narrative or informational texts that elicit a mental image.

A learning development theory based on the schema that concludes that learning takes place when prior knowledge is combined with new information.

The incorporation of Common Core standards into lesson plans.

Standards that focus on the ability to work with peers on projects, participate in classroom discussions, understand speakers, create presentations, and use digital media in the classroom.

A three-component model that accounts for the quantitative factors, qualitative factors, reader, and text considerations when determining the overall difficulty of the text.

A transformational process first described by Abilock where the learner needs to find, understand, evaluate, and use information in various forms for their own personal gain. This can include personal, social, or global purposes.

Learners who believe they can find success in the classroom.