An examination of a reader’s deviations from the text, which informs the teacher of whether a reader is reading for meaning and of how the reader uses graphophonic, semantic, and syntactic signs.
A structural guide in the reading process in which readers use graphophonic, syntactic, and semantic signs to recognize words and predict meaning.
A structure for literacy development in which the reader uses clues from sounds and symbols to recognize words and predict meaning.
The threshold for reading output beyond which students are unable to continue reading due to the difficulty of the material despite having had instruction and guidance.
Evaluation tools often found in the teacher manuals or student workbooks of many basal reading systems, which may provide information about student achievements on sections of course material.
The level of visual awareness, including the ability to discriminate visual representations, having constancy in spatial orientation, and visual memory.
The degree of clarity and sharpness with which an individual can see.
A scientifically-based educational structure which allows information to be presented flexibly and decreases barriers to learning.
The ability to bounce back and recover from failure or adversity.