Vowels that are trailed by an r that “control” them. The five most common r-controlled vowel combinations are ar, er, ir, or, and ur.
A collection of letters before a (base) word that can alter the word’s meaning. Examples include: un-, de-, in-, non-, or ex-. Prefixes themselves have meanings. For instance, the prefix un- means not.
A vowel that produces the sound of its letter name. We usually teach long vowels after short vowels because, even though it is much easier to hear the vowel sounds, the spelling patterns are less expectable than short vowel patterns.
Word endings that are placed at the end of base words such as: -s, -es, -ed, or -ing.
Two vowels that are side-by-side in a word and work together to make one sound. Examples include: ai, ee, oa, or, aw.
When you take two letters, place them together (side-by-side) in a word, and only one sound is perceivable. Examples include: ch, gn (less common), sh, th, wh, wr.
Is a collection of dispositions and skills that cultivate innovative teaching, critical thinking, and active inquiry. Critical literacy assists students in thinking critically about the things that they read, instead of just brushing the surface.
The strategies that readers utilize to decipher a new word that they read.
How well students can decipher the language that they read or hear.