The capacity to retell what happened in a story by highlighting the important points. It requires that the student not only decipher the main points but also convey it in a manner that will make sense to the listener.

The rise and fall in action in a literary work.

When a teacher gives students to subject or topic to write on.

In this writing approach, which works well for struggling and emergent writers, the child and adult share a pencil. The adult writes the majority of the sections, and the child writes what they can handle.

The formation of letters while writing by hand.

An activity that is completed before reading takes place. The reader views the pictures of the story and predicts what they think is occurring. This activates prior knowledge and gives reading a sense of direction.

The act of taking a word(s) from the text and working with them separately, apart from the text itself.

The big picture of the story.

Inquiries that force the reader to figure out what is going in a story, when the answer is not obvious, but insinuated.

Questions that are straight from the text, the reader can go back and find the answer word-for-word.