A previously neutral condition within the environment that induces a specific reaction in the senses after pairing up with an unconditioned stimulus.

The acquisition of knowledge through various means and experiences, which usually results in a change in the learner.

Rationales, principles, and tenets of learning that emphasizes mental processes and thinking.

Rationales, principles, and tenets of learning that emphasizes perceptible changes in conduct.

A general aptitude for learning which is frequently measured by an individual’s ability to engage meaningfully with abstract concepts and to solve problems.

A teaching method which helps students understand how our perspectives and where we come from influence the knowledge we absorb.

In late adulthood, individuals look back at their life and realize that their life has been their responsibility and that they need to take responsibility for their actions. Those who regret their past life choices feel despair.

During middle adulthood, an individual develops an interest in forming and guiding the subsequent generation.

During young adulthood, an individual learns how to share aspects of their life with another person.

At this stage (age 12 to 18), the big question that individuals confront is “Who am I?”