Variations in the standard system of language among groups in society including groups based on different cultures or social status.
The use of various methods of thinking to construct or to understand meaning in oral and written language.
The system for the standard use of symbols for writing in a language; the conventional rules of spelling and writing in a language.
An act of communication and a foundational social skill which includes the ability to initiate dialogue, change topics during the conversation, take turns, know what is appropriate to say in the context, speak directly, convey relevant information, and so on.
The ability to communicate in ways beyond the traditional modes of reading and writing, including in music, dance, visual art, drama, and digital technology.
The objectives and operations of communication in oral or written language.
A method of reading instruction which develops the reader’s sight vocabulary, linguistic proficiency, and graphophonic awareness as they read their language. The teacher examines the stories students have written down and uses some of their experiences to help them expand on their words through discussion and questions.
A reading strategy which aims to help students relate their personal experiences to the main events in a story through various stages: discuss experiences (experience step), read the text (text step), and connect the experiences to the story (relationship step).
Apparent variations in the way that a language is spoken in different areas or among different ethnic groups. Dialects are rule-governed, fully developed language systems.