Cooperation between different service providers for at-risk children and families.

Is a behavior conditioned by reinforcement for performing desired actions rather than causing reflexive behaviors.

Refers to behavior that responds to a stimulus that doesn’t normally cause that reflexive response. (Also known as “reflexive conditioning” or “classical conditioning.”)

Means, at a minimum, any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm. The current definition

Can be defined as aggressive, calculated actions perpetrated by a group or an individual repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend themselves. Bullying may be physical, verbal, emotional, or sexual in nature. Physical bullying includes punching, pushing, hair pulling, beating, biting, choking, kicking, and damaging the

This classroom management/discipline approach centers around four types of punishment/reinforcement: Positive reinforcement: Giving extra credit for a question answered with much thought   Positive punishment: A meeting with the principal   Negative reinforcement: Removal from list of students who have to answer questions   Negative punishment: Decrease in free time

Classroom management approach based on the fact that teachers have the power to ask and require specific actions from students, but this approach still has students’ best interests in mind. Canter found that teachers who use this discipline are not authoritarian, because they are forceful yet calm in enforcing the

Developed by Barbara Coloroso, inner discipline takes a longer route in correcting student misbehavior. As the name indicates, the goal here is to help students develop inner discipline. When students have self-discipline, they will have control and responsibility for their actions. Whether or not it’s a choice with a positive

This classroom management approach is based on the belief that students are responsible individuals who can assess and correct their misbehavior, and that teachers and students have trusting relationships built on respect. With its self-governing style, the self-discipline approach has four models, which are discussed next.

Criterion-referenced testing has historically been preferred by educators over norm-referenced assessment. In this type of testing, students are tested to ascertain how they fair in demonstrating specific knowledge and abilities. Rather than being compared against other students, the results are compared against previously developed levels of knowledge and achievement.