The notion that an object exists despite it being out of sight.

The process of achieving a balance between present understanding and new experiences. According to Piaget, this process is necessary for learning.

Principles of general application that have been meticulously tested and found to apply in a wide variety of situations.

A set of principles that explains certain phenomena and makes connections between certain precepts.

A rationale behind the relationship between various factors, such as the effects of alternative evaluation methods on student motivation.

The degree to which teachers perceive their efforts to be determinative of the success of their students.

Acting with a purpose; teachers employing intentionality plan their lessons according to the particular results they want to achieve.

Short phrases selected from a text consisting of only one idea.

A plan, tactics, techniques related to the preparation for and taking of a test.

Tools, abilities, and strategies for reading that allow readers to expand upon and develop their knowledge base through literacy.