The desire to accomplish something successfully and to partake in activities in which success comes from personal effort and skills.

A theory that associates motivation with the likelihood and incentive value of success.

A theory of motivation that examines how people understand and give reasons for the causes of their successes and failures.

An individual’s ability to develop and attain his or her fullest potential.

The requirements, identified by Maslow, essential for knowing, appreciating, and understanding. These needs are often satisfied after basic needs are met.

A teaching framework that emphasizes specific elements that teachers have direct control over quality, appropriateness, incentive, and time.

A program designed to develop various cognitive abilities, which involves students working through a set of paper-and-pencil exercises.

The duration in which a teacher waits for a student to respond to a question.

A technique for teaching concepts in which the teacher presents a rule or definition through examples and then demonstrates how the examples fit the rule.

The level of readiness to engage in a lesson in students’ attitudes or behavior.