One of the most influential figures in human history, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is a central figure in the Islamic faith. Born in Mecca in 570 CE, he grew up to establish a new monotheistic religion, Islam, by the time of his death in 632 CE. However, many myths and misconceptions surround this pioneering leader – making it essential for educators to teach students factual information about his life and teachings. This article aims to guide teachers in discussing important aspects of Prophet Muhammad’s life with their students.

1. Early Life and Upbringing

Prophet Muhammad was born into the respected Quraish tribe in Mecca, but he lost his parents at an early age and was raised by his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, and then later by his paternal uncle Abu Talib. Despite his noble lineage, he faced financial hardships growing up and was known for being compassionate to the less fortunate.

2. Marriage and Family Life

At the age of 25, he married Khadijah, a wealthy widow who bore him six children. The union was marked by love, trust, and respect. As a prophet, Muhammad later acquired multiple wives – primarily as a means to provide support and protection to widows or divorcees of war casualties.

3. The First Revelation

When he was 40 years old, Muhammad went through a transformative experience while meditating in the Cave of Hira near Mecca. He received a revelation from God through the archangel Gabriel that began with “Read! In the name of your Lord…” (Quran 96:1). These revelations continued throughout his life and were compiled into the Quran after his death.

4. Preaching Islam in Mecca

Initially, Prophet Muhammad shared his revelations with family and friends but later faced opposition from religious leaders when he began preaching monotheism openly. Despite persecution and physical abuse, he continued to spread Islam, gradually making converts from various socio-economic backgrounds.

5. The Migration to Medina (Hijrah)

In 622 CE, Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated to the city of Medina, fleeing from persecution in Mecca. This event, called the ‘Hijrah,’ marks the beginning of the Islamic lunar calendar.

6. Building a Model Society in Medina

Aside from unifying tribes that had long been at odds, Muhammad established a charter called the ‘Constitution of Medina’ – one of the earliest documents outlining democratic principles. Under his leadership, Medina transformed into a thriving society founded on justice, equality, and compassion – providing a model for future generations.

7. Final Years and Death

Prophet Muhammad led his followers for ten years after the Hijrah. They eventually overcame resistance from opponents and reclaimed Mecca in a bloodless conquest. He peacefully passed away in 632 CE in Medina at the age of 63.