Introduction

Machu Picchu, an ancient Incan city located in the heart of the breathtaking Andean mountains of Peru, is a treasure trove of history and culture. Educators seeking to instill a sense of wonder in their students and enrich their understanding of global history can use several strategies to teach about this magnificent archaeological site.

Lesson 1: Introducing Machu Picchu

Start by introducing the geographical location of Machu Picchu and its significance as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Utilize maps, videos, and photographs to showcase the site’s treacherous terrain and majestic beauty. Discuss its discovery by Hiram Bingham in 1911, emphasizing the contrast between the city’s remote and hidden location and its global importance today.

Lesson 2: The Incan Civilization

Provide an overview of Incan society, touching on its social structure, agriculture, architecture, technology, religion, and language. Compare and contrast these elements with other civilizations that students may already be familiar with. Highlight how advanced the Inca were for their time, mastering complex agricultural techniques and engineering marvels like Machu Picchu without the use of modern tools or even a written language.

Lesson 3: Machu Picchu’s Architecture and Function

Delve into what makes Machu Picchu unique by exploring its architectural features such as terraces, temples, plazas, and stonemasonry. Explain how these elements demonstrate the Incan mastery of engineering and aesthetics. Discuss theories about Machu Picchu’s purpose – was it a royal retreat? A religious center? A military fortress? Encourage students to analyze various hypotheses based on available evidence.

Lesson 4: The Journey to Machu Picchu

Introduce students to the famous Inca Trail that leads to Machu Picchu. Explain how this pilgrimage-like hike through the Andes mountains takes modern-day travelers past other Incan sites and offers spectacular views of the region. Compare the trek’s physical challenges and rewards to those that ancient Incas likely faced.

Lesson 5: The Impact of Tourism

Discuss the impact of tourism on Machu Picchu and the surrounding region. Explore issues such as environmental degradation, preservation efforts, limited visitor access, and cultural commodification. Engage students in a debate about how to balance accessibility with preserving this iconic site for future generations.

Conclusion

Teaching students about Machu Picchu not only expands their understanding of history but cultivates empathy for other cultures and appreciation for the accomplishments of ancient civilizations. By incorporating multimedia resources, historical context, active discussions, and critical thinking exercises, educators can inspire students to explore Machu Picchu’s mysteries and appreciate its place in our global heritage.